The Business Motivation Model

This model is based on “The Business Motivation Model - Business Governance in a Volatile World” by The Business Rules Group.

The model contains both the structural aspects based on the metamodels and semantic aspects of the concepts based on the natural language description. For example, an End can be attainable, short- or long term, and focused on enterprise or a business area. These properties are important for communicating the nature of the concepts and should aid the modeller in evaluating whether her model is semantically correct (e.g., a long-term and unattainable Objective is incorrect). These semantic properties constitute a “checklist” for the modeller.

Model Summary

c0_Element abstract Element c0_End abstract End : Element c0_End->c0_Element c0_Mean abstract Mean : Element c0_Mean->c0_Element c0_Vision abstract Vision : End c0_Vision->c0_End c0_Goal abstract Goal : DesiredResult c0_Vision->c0_Goal amplifiedBy c0_Mission abstract Mission : Mean c0_Vision->c0_Mission madeOperativeBy c0_Goal->c0_Vision amplifies c0_DesiredResult abstract DesiredResult : End c0_Goal->c0_DesiredResult c0_Mission->c0_Mean c0_Mission->c0_Vision makesOperative c0_Strategy abstract Strategy : CourseOfAction c0_Mission->c0_Strategy plannedByMeansOf c0_DesiredResult->c0_End c0_CourseOfAction abstract CourseOfAction : Mean c0_DesiredResult->c0_CourseOfAction supportedBy c0_CourseOfAction->c0_Mean c0_CourseOfAction->c0_DesiredResult channelsEffortsToward c0_CourseOfAction->c0_CourseOfAction includes c0_CourseOfAction->c0_CourseOfAction enables c0_Directive abstract Directive : Mean c0_CourseOfAction->c0_Directive governedBy c0_CourseOfAction->c0_Directive formulatedBasedOn c0_Objective abstract Objective : DesiredResult c0_Objective->c0_Goal quantifies c0_Objective->c0_DesiredResult c0_Directive->c0_Mean c0_Directive->c0_DesiredResult supportsTheAchievementOf c0_Directive->c0_CourseOfAction governs c0_Directive->c0_CourseOfAction sourceOf c0_Regulation abstract Regulation : Element c0_Directive->c0_Regulation actsAs c0_Strategy->c0_Mission aComponentOfThePlanFor c0_Strategy->c0_CourseOfAction c0_Tactic abstract Tactic : CourseOfAction c0_Strategy->c0_Tactic implementedBy c0_Tactic->c0_CourseOfAction c0_Tactic->c0_Strategy implements c0_BusinessRule abstract BusinessRule : Directive c0_Tactic->c0_BusinessRule effectsEnforcementLevelOf c0_BusinessRule->c0_Directive c0_BusinessRule->c0_Tactic hasEnforcementLevelEffectedBy c0_Regulation->c0_Element c0_Regulation->c0_Directive aRolePlayedBy c0_BusinessPolicy abstract BusinessPolicy : Directive c0_BusinessPolicy->c0_CourseOfAction governs c0_BusinessPolicy->c0_Directive c0_BusinessPolicy->c0_BusinessRule providesBasisFor c0_BusinessPolicy->c0_BusinessPolicy includes c0_Influencer abstract or Influencer : Element c0_Influencer->c0_Element c0_Assessment abstract Assessment : Element c0_Assessment->c0_Element c0_Assessment->c0_End achievementOf c0_Assessment->c0_Mean employmentOf c0_Assessment->c0_Influencer about c0_Assessment->c0_Assessment uses c0_PotentialImpact abstract PotentialImpact : Element c0_Assessment->c0_PotentialImpact identifies c0_OrganizationUnit abstract OrganizationUnit c0_Assessment->c0_OrganizationUnit madeBy c0_PotentialImpact->c0_Element c0_PotentialImpact->c0_Directive providesImpetusFor c0_PotentialImpact->c0_Assessment significantTo c0_Currency c0_Currency c0_PotentialImpact->c0_Currency unitOfMeasure c0_PotentialImpact->c0_Currency unitOfMeasure c0_Metric abstract Metric : Element c0_Metric->c0_Element c0_KeyPerformanceIndicator abstract KeyPerformanceIndicator : Metric c0_KeyPerformanceIndicator->c0_Metric c0_CriticalSuccessFactor abstract CriticalSuccessFactor : Metric c0_CriticalSuccessFactor->c0_Metric c0_BusinessProcess abstract BusinessProcess
Module Statistics: | All clafers: 155 | Abstract: 24 | Concrete: 131 | Reference: 39 | Constraints: 19 | Goals: 0 | Global scope: 1..* | Can skip name resolver: no |

Module Downloads: | [.cfr] | [.html] |

Model Details

First, we define a generic BMM model Element:

abstract Element

There are many types of Elements in a BMM model but two are most important: Ends and Means. Ends are what an enterprise is trying to accomplish. Means are the ways of accomplishing the Ends.

abstract End : Element
attainable ?
xor term
short
long
xor focusedOn
enterprise
businessArea

and

abstract Mean : Element

Ends

The Vision is what an enterprise is supposed to look like, without regard to how it can be achieved.

abstract Vision : End
[ enterprise ]
[ long ]
amplifiedBy -> Goal +
madeOperativeBy -> Mission

A DesiredResult is a different type of End than the Vision and represents a tangible outcome that can be either qualitative or quantitative.

abstract DesiredResult : End
supportedBy -> CourseOfAction +// inverseOf amplifies
xor kind// inverseOf makesOperative
qualitative
quantitative
abstract Goal : DesiredResult
amplifies -> Vision
general
ongoing
[ businessArea ]
[ attainable ]
[ qualitative ]// inverseOf isAmplifiedBy
[ long ]
abstract Objective : DesiredResult
SMART
specific
[ attainable ]// measuresOfPerformance -> Metric +
relevant
timeBound
limitedInTimeframe
cyclical ?
[ businessArea ]// measurable -> Metric +
[ quantitative ]
[ short ]
quantifies -> Goal +

Means

abstract CourseOfAction : Mean
channelsEffortsToward -> DesiredResult
governedBy -> Directive
formulatedBasedOn -> Directive
xor scope
broad
narrow
xor term// inverseOf supportedBy
short// inverseOf governs
long// inverseOf sourceOf
[ broad && long || narrow && short ]//realizedBy -> BusinessProcess
includes -> CourseOfAction *
enables -> CourseOfAction *
abstract Strategy : CourseOfAction
implementedBy -> Tactic
aComponentOfThePlanFor -> Mission
rightApproachGiven
// composition of courses of action // inverseOf implements // inverseOf plannedByMeansOf
abstract Tactic : CourseOfAction// [ channelsEffortsToward -> Goal ]
implements -> Strategy
effectsEnforcementLevelOf -> BusinessRule// constraints -> Constraint *
// risks -> Risk *
/*
[ includes -> Strategy * // strategies can only contain other strategies and not tactics
enables -> Strategy * // strategies can only enable other strategies and not tactics ]
*/
abstract Mission : Mean
makesOperative -> Vision
plannedByMeansOf -> Strategy// inverseOf implementedBy
abstract Directive : Mean
governs -> CourseOfAction
/*
[ channelsEffortsToward -> Objective
includes -> Tactic * // tactics can only contain other tactics and not strategies
enables -> Tactic * // tactics can only enable other tactics and not strategies ]
*/
/*
[ channelsEffortsToward -> Objective
includes -> Tactic * // tactics can only contain other tactics and not strategies
enables -> Tactic * // tactics can only enable other tactics and not strategies ]
*/
sourceOf -> CourseOfAction
/*
[ channelsEffortsToward -> Objective
includes -> Tactic * // tactics can only contain other tactics and not strategies
enables -> Tactic * // tactics can only enable other tactics and not strategies ]
*/
supportsTheAchievementOf -> DesiredResult
/*
[ channelsEffortsToward -> Objective
includes -> Tactic * // tactics can only contain other tactics and not strategies
enables -> Tactic * // tactics can only enable other tactics and not strategies ]
*/
xor influencesAspectOfEnterprise
defines
constraints
liberates
asserts// inverseOf madeOperativeBy
controls// inverseOf aComponentOfTHePlanFor
declarative
actsAs -> Regulation
xor degreeOfStructure
lessStructured
highlyStructured
xor granularity
lessDiscreteAndComposite
discreteAndAtomic
actionable ?
automatable ?
abstract BusinessPolicy : Directive
providesBasisFor -> BusinessRule +// inverseOf aRolePlayedBy
governs -> CourseOfAction *
control
guide
shape
[ lessStructured ]
[ lessDiscreteAndComposite ]
[ ! actionable ]// motivatedBy -> Assessment
[ ! automatable ]
includes -> BusinessPolicy *
abstract BusinessRule : Directive // governsBP -> BusinessProcess + /* = governs.realizedBy // derived from the processes that realize the courses of action */
[ all o : supportsTheAchievementOf | o.ref in Objective ]
xor enforcementLevel
strictlyEnforced
deferredEnforcement
preAuthorizedOverride// [ supportsTheAchievementOf -> Goal ]
postJustifiedOverride
overrideWithExplanation
guideline
hasEnforcementLevelEffectedBy -> Tactic
[ highlyStructured ]// composition of business policies
[ discreteAndAtomic ]
[ actionable ]
expressedUsingStandardBusinessVocabulary// [ supportsTheAchievementOf -> Objective ] - explicit constraint is needed for this

Other Elements

abstract Regulation : Element
aRolePlayedBy -> Directive
abstract or Influencer : Element
or externalInfluencer
environment
technology
regulation
xor prescribedBy
government
management
supplier
xor provides
products
services
customer
xor productsOrServices// inverseOf actsAs
investigated
ordered// multiple inheritance in spec expressed by 'or' groups
received
paidFor
competitor
partner
or internalInfluencer
infrastructure
issue
assumption
resource
habit
managementPrerogative
xor corporateValue
explicitCorporateValue
implicitCorporateValue

Michal: in some particular cases different kinds of influencers may be required. One could extend Influencer but currently, it is not possible to add clafers to its children, e.g., a new type of internalInfluencer?

Assessment is a judgement that an influencer affects the employment of Means or the achievement of Ends.

abstract Assessment : Element
identifies -> PotentialImpact
about -> Influencer
or affects
employmentOf -> Mean +
achievementOf -> End +
madeBy -> OrganizationUnit
uses -> Assessment *
xor SWOT
strength
weakness
opportunity
threat
abstract PotentialImpact : Element
significantTo -> Assessment
providesImpetusFor -> Directive
xor type
risk// inverseOf significantTo
probabilityOfLoss : integer
potentialLoss : integer
unitOfMeasure -> Currency
potentialReward
probabilityOfGain : integer// Michal: how to inject a derived inverse 'makes' into the TOGAF metamodel?
potentialGain : integer
unitOfMeasure -> Currency
abstract Metric : Element
abstract KeyPerformanceIndicator : Metric
abstract CriticalSuccessFactor : Metric

General Purpose Definitions

enum Currency = USD | EUR | CAD

Imported TOGAF concepts

abstract OrganizationUnit
abstract BusinessProcess
// in %
// in %